Tham khảo Hệ_sinh_thái

  1. ↑ Hatcher, Bruce Gordon (1990). “Coral reef primary productivity: a hierarchy of pattern and process”. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5 (5): 149–155. PMID 21232343. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(90)90221-X. 
  2. ↑ Tansley (1934); Molles (1999), p. 482; Chapin et al. (2002), p. 380; Schulze et al. (2005); p. 400; Gurevitch et al. (2006), p. 522; Smith & Smith 2012, p. G-5
  3. 1 2 3 Sagoff, Mark (2003). “The plaza and the pendulum: Two concepts of ecological science”. Biology and Philosophy 18 (4): 529–552. doi:10.1023/A:1025566804906. 
  4. ↑ Odum, Eugene P (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology . New York: Saunders. ISBN 0-53442-066-4. 
  5. ↑ Schulze et al. (2005), p.400
  6. ↑ Chapin et al. (2002), p. 380; Schulze et al. (2005); p. 400
  7. 1 2 Willis (1997), p. 269; Chapin et al. (2002), p. 5; Krebs (2009). p. 572
  8. ↑ Chapin et al. (2002), p. 10
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Chapin et al. (2002), pp. 11–13
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chapin, F. Stuart; Pamela A. Matson; Harold A. Mooney (2002). Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. New York: Springer. tr. 281–304. ISBN 0-387-95443-0. 
  11. 1 2 Schulze et al. 300–402
  12. ↑ Carpenter, Stephen R.; Jonathan J. Cole; Timothy E. Essington; James R. Hodgson; Jeffrey N. Houser; James F. Kitchell; Michael L. Pace (1998). “Evaluating Alternative Explanations in Ecosystem Experiments”. Ecosystems 1 (4): 335–344. doi:10.1007/s100219900025. 
  13. ↑ Schindler, David W. (1998). “Replication versus Realism: The Need for Ecosystem-Scale Experiments”. Ecosystems 1 (4): 323–334. JSTOR 3658915. doi:10.1007/s100219900026. 
  14. ↑ Carpenter, Stephen R. (1996). “Microcosm Experiments have Limited Relevance for Community and Ecosystem Ecology”. Ecology 77 (3): 677–680. JSTOR 2265490. doi:10.2307/2265490. 
  15. ↑ Lindenmayer, David B.; Gene E. Likens (2010). “The Problematic, the Effective and the Ugly – Some Case Studies”. Effective Ecological Monitoring. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. tr. 87–145. ISBN 978-1-84971-145-6. 
  16. ↑ Likens, Gene E. (2004). “Some perspectives on long-term biogeochemical research from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study” (PDF). Ecology 85 (9): 2355–2362. JSTOR 3450233. doi:10.1890/03-0243. Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 1 tháng 5 năm 2013. 
  17. ↑ Chapin et al. (2002), pp. 97–104
  18. 1 2 3 Chapin et al. (2002), pp. 123–150
  19. 1 2 3 Chapin et al. (2002) pp. 244–264
  20. ↑ Chapin et al. (2002), pp. 3–7
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 Chapin et al. (2002), pp. 151–157
  22. 1 2 Chapin et al. (2002), pp. 159–174
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 Chapin et al. (2002), pp. 197–215
  24. 1 2 3 Chapin et al. (2002), pp. 215–222
  25. ↑ Schulze et al. (2005), pp. 449–453
  26. 1 2 3 Chapin et al. (2002), pp. 265–277
  27. ↑ Schoener, Thomas W. (2009). “Ecological Niche”. Trong Simon A. Levin. The Princeton Guide to Ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press. tr. 2–13. ISBN 978-0-691-12839-9. 
  28. 1 2 Chapin et al. (2002), p. 285